Model FD3KW provide independent electric power for homeowners, farms, villages and commercial applications such as telecommunications. FD3KW consists of a 5 meter , 170 kilogram wind turbine rated at 3,000 watts, a tilt-up tower of 9 meter high, a multi-function turbine and system controller and a sine wave inverter. The user supplies the battery.

Model FD3KW wind turbine features superior low wind-speed performance, very high system efficiency, and low noise.

Model FD3KW provides high wind protection and batteries overcharge protection. During periods of high wind speeds, the anemometer detects it and send a message to the micro processor inside the controller which instruct the dogvane on the turbine and a DC motor against the turbine yawing. The rotor will turn over to the side, away from the wind , thus reducing the power output significantly. When batteries bank is full and there is little load, the micro processor will instruct the rotor to turn away from the wind too and stop the output of the turbine.

System Description

Wind Turbine Components

The major components of the FD3KW wind turbine are shown in Figure 1.

Blades/Rotor System

The rotor system consists of three fiberglass blades. Acting like aircraft wings, the blades convert the energy of the wind into rotation forces that can drive a generator. The rotor has three blades because three blades will run much smoother than rotors with two blades. The dogvane on the turbine can, together with the micro processor in the controller, push the rotor over to the side, away from the wind.

Alternator

The alternator converts the rotational energy of the rotor into electricity. The alternator utilized permanent magnets and produce three phase AC electric power. The internal windings and central shaft rotate, while the outside housing are stationary. The alternator was specially designed for the FD3KW and produces power at low speeds of 2m/second only., eliminating the need for a speed increasing gearbox.

The output from the alternator is three-phase alternating current(AC), but it is rectified to direct current by the charge controller. Since it uses permanent magnets, the alternator is generating voltage whenever the rotor is turning.

Nacelle

The nacelle is the steel housing around the main body of the machine. It contains the main structural backbone of the turbine(called the mainframe), the slip-ring assembly, the yaw bearings and the tower mount. The yaw bearings allow the wind turbine to freely pivot around the top of the tower so that the rotor will face into the wind.

wind direction) wind turbine and the fixed tower wiring. The slip-rings and yaw bearings are located just above the tower mount. The tower mount attaches the FD3KW to the top of the tower.

High wind protection system

The high wind protection system, composed of a dogvane, anemometer and a micro processor disc which is inside the controller box. The dogvane is mounted on the nacelle(Figure 25), while the anemometer can be mounted on the building roof or anywhere high above the ground Figure 33 . During periods of high wind speeds(wind speed over 25 m/s), the anemometer detects it and send a message to the micro processor inside the controller which instruct the dogvane on the turbine and a DC motor against the turbine yawing. The rotor will turn over to the side, away from the wind , thus reducing the power output significantly. The rotor is kept facing into the wind at speeds up to ~ 25 m/s, therefore the rotor will rotate again once the wind speed falls down 25 m/s.

Charge Controller

The charge controller, shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, has a rectifier module which rectify the three phase AC power from the turbine into DC power, proving power for batteries bank and house applications. The built-in micro processor is a important part of the high wind protection system and batteries bank protection system.

Figure 3

Figure 4

Batteries overcharge protection system

The FD3KW provides a batteries bank protection. When batteries are full and there is no load, the micro processor will take in the information and instruct the rotor to turn away from the wind and stop the output of the turbine, thus prevents the wind turbine from operating without load once the batteries are full.

D. Tower kit

The FD3KW wind turbine generator system includes a 12 meter high guyed lattice towers.

SYSTEM OPERATION

Normal Operation

The rotor of the FD3KW should begin to rotate when the wind speed reaches approximately 2.5 m/s. Battery charging should commence shortly after the rotor spins up to speed. Once turning, the rotor will continue to turn in lower wind speeds, down to approximately 2 m/s. The rotor speed will increase with increasing wind speed and the system will provide a higher output. This output increases rapidly because the energy available in the wind varies as the third power(cube) of the wind speed. For example, if the wind speed doubles from 5 m/s to 10 m/s, the energy in the wind increases by a factor of eight(2 3=2 x 2 x 2 = 8). One result of this relationship is that there is very little energy available in light winds. For the average site, winds in the range of 5.5 – 9 m/s will provide most of the system annual energy production.

Charge Controller

The basic electrical schematic for the FD3KW is shown in Figure 5.

The controller contains all of the wind turbine’s power electronics including rectification. Additionally, it continuously monitors voltage, current, energy production, and wind speed.

The alternator produces three-phase alternating currency(AC) that varies in voltage and frequency with the rotor speed. The AC power is rectified to direct current(DC) power by a rectifier module inside the controller.

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